How is damage calculated in SV?

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Levelis the level of the attacking PokémonPoweris the base power, e.g. Tackle has 40 Base PowerAtkis your Pokémon’s Attack or Special Attack stat (depending on what you’re using)Defis your opponents Defense or Special Defense stat (depending on the attacking move)Targetsis 0.75 or reduces by 25% is the move is attacking multiple targets e.g. surf in a double battlerandomis a multiplication from a random integer between 85 and 100, inclusive, then divided by 100. Decimals are rounded down to the nearest integerSTABis the same type attack bonus which is 1.5x if the move you used is the same type as you PokémonWeatheris 1.5 for water type moves in rain and 0.5 for fire type moves, and in harsh sunlight, 1.5 for fire type moves and 0.5 for water type moves.Criticalis for critical hits which is a 1.5 bonus if you’re luckyBurnis the reduction of damage of physical moves (Atk)

The rest is pretty specific

GlaiveRushdetails the effects of the move as a number. It would be 2 if the opponent used it previouslyPBdoesn’t apply to Gen 9. It’s the bonus from Parental BondZmoveis if the opponent if using protect or similar moves and you use a Z-move. It would be 0.25TeraShieldis applied in Tera Raid Battles when the Raid boss’s shield is active, and is 0.2 if the player’s Pokémon is not Terastallized, 0.35 if it is but the used move is not of its Tera Type, and 0.75 if it is and the used move is of its Tera Type. The result is subject to standard rounding, rounding up at 0.5.otheris other factors from Abilities or moves

This system has been used since Gen 5

I basically just copied this from Bulbapedia but I hope I helped!

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